Despot:
· A
ruler who has total power and who often uses that power in cruel and unfair
ways
· I
am the state - Louis XIV
Enlightenment:
·
Intellectual period of the 17th and 18th century based on the idea
that society could be improved by the use of reason.
Enlightened Despotism:
· Change
in attitude: acceleration of old institution of monarchy without the religious
buttress.
· Enlightened
despots sought to justify themselves in the light of reason and secular
usefulness.
·
I am the first and foremost employee of
the state. – Frederick
·
Atonement for the monarchy- Lord Acton
Paradigm
of Enlightened Despotism
Secular
· Claimed
no mandate from heaven
· Recognized
no responsibility to god or church
Rational & Reformist
·
Typical enlightened despot set out to
reconstruct his/her state by the use of reason
· Impatient
of custom (all referred to as “feudal”)
Methods
· Uncompromising
& abrupt: wanted change and wanted it immediately
· Contradictory:
Enlightened Despots were comfortable with contradiction
· Selected
certain enlightened ideas and denied others as they sought fit for their monarchy
and state
· Could
be enlightened in some ways and despotic in others
Idols of Enlightened Despotism
Peter the
Great––Russia
Catherine the
Great––Russia
Frederick the
Great––Prussia
Drawbacks of
Enlightened Despotism
1. Primacy of
dynastic interests
2. Lack of
heartfelt desire of the rulers towards reforms
3. Illiteracy of the public
4.
Disqualification of dynastic heirs