Iltutmish is credited with saving the newly established Muslim state of India from disintegration and organizing the territories won by Qutbuddin into a strong and solid state. In the words of Nizami, Aibek had only made a mental outline of the Delhi Sultanate, but Iltutmish gave it a capital, an independent state, a monarchial form of government and ruling class.
1. Belief in the divine principle of dynastic monarchy
According to Professor K. A. Nizami, Iltutmish had faith in a dynastic monarchy and had ordered the books 'Adabussalatin' and 'Maasirussalatin' from Baghdad with the aim of imparting knowledge of Iranian monarchical traditions and principles of diplomacy to his sons. He himself studied them and also coordinated them in the Indian environment. He had full faith in the divine principle of the ruler and behaved in such a way that clearly he could control his subordinates successfully.
2. Iqta
Iqta have a major contribution in the governance system created by Iltutmish. Iqta was helpful in connecting the remote territories of the empire, as well as controlling the conquered territories.
3. Army
Iltutmish organized the royal army of the Sultanate. The proof of this is Fakh-i-Muddabir's composition Adab-ul-Harb written on military system which is dedicated to Iltutmish.
4. Making of Chalisa
Apart from Turks and Afghans, he had gladly included a large number of Tajiks in Umrah as well and the infant state of Delhi could get the benefit of his former administrative experience under his liberal patronage. Chalisa was formed for support.
5. Justice system
Qazi and Amir-i-dad were appointed in the cities for justice. According to Ibn Battuta, in front of the Sultan's palace, two lions with bells around their necks were made, by ringing which justice could be achieved. The complainant used to wear red clothes.
6. Circulation of coins
Circulation of currency and its universal recognition gives legitimacy to the rule of any state. At the same time, it creates a kind of unity by bridging the “us versus them” divide of the citizens. In this way, every Sultan had to issue a currency in his own name. He introduced pure Arabic coins, silver tanka and copper jital, on which the name of the mint and the Caliph was inscribed.
7. Making Delhi the capital-
Before Iltutmish, Lahore was the center of political activities of Muslim emperors, but Iltutmish was the first Muslim ruler who made Delhi his capital. That's why he was called the first Sultan of Delhi. After this, Delhi remained the capital of the Muslim emperors for centuries.
8. Name in Khutba
The 'Khutba', that is, after the coronation, was performed in the name of the Sultan on the special Friday afternoon (usually around one o'clock); Iltutmish's name was also included in this sermon.
9. The Oath of Allegiance of the Amirs "Bayyad"
The Bayyad or Baiyat, the oath of allegiance taken by the nobles to the Sultan, through which indirect election was realized; This oath of allegiance provided legitimacy to the ruler to rule.
10. Freedom from slavery
Iltutmish had received this freedom letter in 1206 AD. At the time of the coronation, when the jurists raised questions on this under the leadership of Qazi Wajihuddin Kashani, they were shown the certificate of freedom from slavery.
11. Recognition from the Caliph
Iltutmish was the first Sultan of Delhi, who received coronation on February 18, 1229 AD from the Caliph of Baghdad, Mustanisar Billah. The capital was decorated and celebrated on this occasion.
Thus Iltutmish is considered the real founder of the Muslim Empire in India. He expanded his empire, made Delhi the capital, got coins made in his name and got Khutba read and received respect from the Khalifa. Dr. R. P. Tripathi has written, "Muslim sovereignty in India started in real form during the reign of Iltutmish." Dr. Ishwari Prasad also believes the same.
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