Extremist groups emerged as a reaction against the working style of moderate leaders. So it was natural that the working style of the extremist leaders was completely different from the moderates. The working style of the extremists included the following main elements-
1. Distrust in the policy of application-request:
The moderate leaders did not imagine India free from the British Empire, so they insisted on adopting the path of co-operation and persuasion from the government, while the extremist leaders did not believe in the policy of application and solicitation. They also did not consider the policy of cooperation of Indians with the British Empire as appropriate.
2. Belief in the need of a nationwide movement:
The extrimist leaders wanted self-rule for the Indians and felt the need for a nationwide movement to achieve self-rule. He wanted to develop an unbreakable spirit of patriotism and sacrifice in the general public, so that the white government would leave India in fear. To fulfill this objective, he emphasized on boycott of foreign goods, promotion of indigenous goods and national education.
3. Use of religious ceremonies to organize the masses:
During this period, India's rich class, intelligentsia and middle class were trapped in the attraction of western education and lifestyle. In order to create a sense of nationalism among these people, it was necessary to establish India's cultural and spiritual superiority before them. For this purpose, Tilak started the tradition of worshiping Ganesh and celebrating Shivaji festival at the level of common people in Maharashtra. Arobindo Ghosh started Kali Puja in Bengal. Lala Lajpatrai worked to strengthen the Arya Samaj movement in Punjab. In this way, these extremist leaders made these religious and social ceremonies an effective medium for generating national unity and social consciousness.
4. Use of religious symbols for propaganda:
Nationalist leaders had started social and religious celebrations on a large scale to make the public stand up against the British government and create a sense of unity among them, but the British incited the Muslims against the Hindus under the guise of these celebrations and the hardline Muslim leaders Encouraged to start the separatist movement. Attempts were made by the government to thwart extrimist nationalism by terming it as anti-Muslim. For this reason, the theory of two-nation developed in India. According to this theory, there are not one nation but two nations in India – the first Hindu nation and the second Muslim nation. Impressed by this idea, many Muslims distanced themselves from the national movement and founded the Muslim League in 1906 AD.
5. Need for development of nationalist education:
The extremist leaders wanted to establish such a national education system in India which could produce patriotic citizens. He believed that mental slaves are being prepared through the English education system. If the ability of independent thinking arises in the Indian youth, then the Indian national movement will automatically gain momentum. Inspired by this idea, the extremist leaders established Theosophical Schools and Colleges across the country, D.A.V. School, Hindu College, Banaras Hindu University etc. were established. These institutions played an important role in the spread of nationalism. On this, the British encouraged Muslims and other religious people to establish their own separate educational institutions, in which religious education of those religions, sects and creeds was given.
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